![]() ![]() For the noncancer effects through the inhalation pathway, the risk posed by Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb was negligible for both adults and children, while Co posed the highest noncancer risk for children. For children, the hazard index value was 9.11, showing a severe noncarcinogenic effect on children living in the study area. The hazard index value for all exposure routes was found to be 1.77, making noncarcinogenic effects significant to the adult population. = 230.66 ± 3.99 mg/kg) was found in the highest concentration. = 178.97 ± 2.46 mg/kg) registered the highest average concentration while Hg (mean = 0.05 mg/kg) had the lowest concentration. 737.66 ± 1.3 mg/kg) was found in the highest levels whereas Hg (mean = 0.007 mg/kg) was the lowest. 3.72 ± 0.15) at WB while it was not detected in the samples from C. ![]() Mercury was detected in the highest levels (max. The concentrations of trace elements recorded from different sampling categories varied in an increasing order of MD > WA > WB > C. ![]() Trace element levels were found to vary across the four sampling categories. All samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, and Hg using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Florescence (ED-XRF) method. The work involved 74 soil samples from four sampling categories: 29 samples were from the mining pits (MD), 18 samples from the first washing area (WA), 17 samples from the second washing area (WB), and 10 samples from the control area (C). The present study used soils collected from a small-scale gold mine area to determine the health risks due to trace elements to the at-risk population in the study area. ![]()
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